SEVEN TOOLS
Understanding Quality
Quality management is "an integrated strategic management system that involves all staff and uses qualitative and quantitative methods to continuously improve processes within the organization to meet customer needs, wants and expectations". Conceptually, quality management can be applied both to goods and services, because the emphasis in the application of quality management is to improve the quality system.
Basically industrial processes should be viewed as a continuous industrial process improvement, starting from a series of cycles since the idea of producing a product, product development, production process, and distribution to consumers. Furthermore, based on information as feedback collected from users of the product (customer) it can be developed creative ideas to create new products or improve old products and production processes that exist today. 5 things that should be of concern to the development of the Quality Management System:
Customer focus;
Total Engagement;
Benchmarks
Systematic Support and
Continuous improvement.
Improving the quality of production and services can be done with various tools. Seven Tools is a tool in data processing for quality improvement, and Seven New Tools is a tool in mapping the problem in a structured way, to help smooth communication on the work team, and for decision-making. Seven Tools are as follows: Pareto, Histogram, Fishbone, Scatter, Control Chart, Check Sheet, Graph.
1. Pareto Diagram
The pareto diagram is also called the most dominant elemental separation feature of the other causes of the problem. The Pareto diagram was introduced by an expert Alfredo Pareto. This Pareto diagram is an image that sort the classification of data from left to right in the order of highest to lowest rank. This can help find the most important issues to be resolved (highest ranking) to the ones that do not need to be resolved (the lowest rank).
In addition, the Pareto Diagram can also be used to compare process conditions, eg process mismatches, before and after corrective actions taken for the process.
The preparation of Pareto Diagram includes 6 (six) steps, namely:
a. Determine the methods or meanings of data classification, eg based on the problem, the cause of the nonconformity type, and so on.
b. Determine the units used to sequence these characteristics, eg dollars, frequency, units, and so forth.
c. Collect data according to predetermined time interval.
d. Summarizes the data and ranks the category of data from the largest to the smallest.
e. Calculates the cumulative frequency or cumulative percentage used.
f. Draw a bar chart, showing the relative importance of each issue. Identify some things that are important to get attention.
2. Histogram
The histogram characteristics are as follows:
a. The histogram describes process variations, but has not ranked the largest variations up to the smallest.
b. Picture form distribution (counting) quality characteristics generated by data collected through check sheet.
c. The histogram also shows the ability of the process, and whenever possible, the histogram can show relationships with process specifications and nominal numbers, such as averages.
d. In the histogram, the vertical line indicates the number of observations per class.
Rare-Steps of Histogram Preparation According to Partners (1993), the histogram preparation step is:
a. Determining the boundaries of observation: the difference between the largest and the smallest values.
b. Choose classes or cells. Guideline: number of classes = root n, with n = number of data,
c. Determine the width of the classes. Typically, all classes have the same width. Class width = range / many classes.
d. Define class boundaries. The classes do not overlap.
e. Draw the frequency of the histogram and arrange its bar chart.
Quality management is "an integrated strategic management system that involves all staff and uses qualitative and quantitative methods to continuously improve processes within the organization to meet customer needs, wants and expectations". Conceptually, quality management can be applied both to goods and services, because the emphasis in the application of quality management is to improve the quality system.
Customer focus;
Total Engagement;
Benchmarks
Systematic Support and
Continuous improvement.
Improving the quality of production and services can be done with various tools. Seven Tools is a tool in data processing for quality improvement, and Seven New Tools is a tool in mapping the problem in a structured way, to help smooth communication on the work team, and for decision-making. Seven Tools are as follows: Pareto, Histogram, Fishbone, Scatter, Control Chart, Check Sheet, Graph.
1. Pareto Diagram
The pareto diagram is also called the most dominant elemental separation feature of the other causes of the problem. The Pareto diagram was introduced by an expert Alfredo Pareto. This Pareto diagram is an image that sort the classification of data from left to right in the order of highest to lowest rank. This can help find the most important issues to be resolved (highest ranking) to the ones that do not need to be resolved (the lowest rank).
In addition, the Pareto Diagram can also be used to compare process conditions, eg process mismatches, before and after corrective actions taken for the process.
The preparation of Pareto Diagram includes 6 (six) steps, namely:
a. Determine the methods or meanings of data classification, eg based on the problem, the cause of the nonconformity type, and so on.
b. Determine the units used to sequence these characteristics, eg dollars, frequency, units, and so forth.
c. Collect data according to predetermined time interval.
d. Summarizes the data and ranks the category of data from the largest to the smallest.
e. Calculates the cumulative frequency or cumulative percentage used.
f. Draw a bar chart, showing the relative importance of each issue. Identify some things that are important to get attention.
2. Histogram
The histogram characteristics are as follows:
a. The histogram describes process variations, but has not ranked the largest variations up to the smallest.
b. Picture form distribution (counting) quality characteristics generated by data collected through check sheet.
c. The histogram also shows the ability of the process, and whenever possible, the histogram can show relationships with process specifications and nominal numbers, such as averages.
d. In the histogram, the vertical line indicates the number of observations per class.
Rare-Steps of Histogram Preparation According to Partners (1993), the histogram preparation step is:
a. Determining the boundaries of observation: the difference between the largest and the smallest values.
b. Choose classes or cells. Guideline: number of classes = root n, with n = number of data,
c. Determine the width of the classes. Typically, all classes have the same width. Class width = range / many classes.
d. Define class boundaries. The classes do not overlap.
e. Draw the frequency of the histogram and arrange its bar chart.
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