History of Grapes
Many biologists and farmers are trying to uncover the origins of grapes. It is said that the genetic source of native grape plants is located in the region of Armenia (Russia), near the sea Kaspi. The first known wine of man is the kind of wild grape growing around the southeastern Caucasus mountains, then spread to Asia, Greece and Egypt. From Greece spread to mainland Europe, Africa, Australia, Asia, and America.
People began to recognize wine in the 2nd century AD. At that time, the vine has not been cultivated, but the result has been made a drink (wine). The Romans know the Vitis vinifera grape plant as raw material for beverages. This type of wine quickly spread to the Mediterranean until the North African region, and is known as fresh fruit wine.
The most widely cultivated grapes in the world come from the Vitis vinifera species. It is not surprising that Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov, a Soviet botanist who expeditions from 1887 to 1942 to various countries around the world, ensured that the vineyards of the vine (V. vinifera) were the regions of Central Asia and the Near East.
Grape cultivation began to be known in the Middle East in 4000 BC, but the technology of wine processing into a new wine was discovered by the Egyptians in 2,500 BC. Cultivation technology and wine-making developed in Egypt extend into the black sea region until Spain, even growing rapidly in Germany, France, and Australia after the fall of the Roman Empire. Columbus brought grapes to Mexico, South Asia, South Africa, Australia, and California. In the next development, wine making technology became famous in the world. Wine type V. vinifera known as European wine.
In 1619, The London Company sent French grape seeds to Virginia. It is said, The Colonial Asembley campaigned that every household to plant 10 grapes. However, American climatic conditions are less suitable for V. vinifera grapes, so many plants die from cold weather, strong winds, and phylloxera main pest attacks.
The process of American wine discovery begins with the domestication of real wild grapes on the continent. The first domestication was made in 1802. The type of grape juicy is Vitis labrusca derived from steep cliffs and rock walls of the Schuylkill River in Pennsylvania.
Varieties of wine produced from V. labrusca include Alexander (black), Catawba (red skinned). and Isabella (black). Other undersea wild wine is Vitis aestivalis and V. riparia. Selection results of two types of grapes include Norton and Clinton varieties. Also found Muscadine wine varieties selected from V. rotundifolia.
Types of native American grapes that produce many varieties of superior grapes and popular in the continent are V. labrusca. Concord wine varieties developed by Bull, a gold miner in 1943 became one of the most popular varieties back then, so it was grown extensively in the state of New York. Delaware varieties are also produced that remain popular until now.
The New York Agricultural Experiment Station in 1906 yielded 46 varieties of fruit wine and not the wine grape varieties. Now the research institute is collecting thousands of genuine wine germplasm of various types. To produce new improved varieties takes at least five years, then for the next 10 years the plants or new varieties are evaluated, so that only one or two varieties are selected. Furthermore the selected grape varieties are named and introduced to the public. Viticultural Institute Cornell University develops "Grape Breeding and Genetic Program" technology aimed at producing varieties of seedless fruit grapes. Now varieties of grapes grown in various countries around the world are increasingly diverse and increasing in number, both varieties of wine, fruit, seeds, non-seeds and grape raisins. However, most of the commercial grape varieties cultivated in the world originally came from two native species, namely V. vinifera and V. labrusca. This type of V. vinifera wine is known as European wine or fresh fruit wine. While V. labrusca is called American wine or wine wine (wine).
In subsequent developments some countries in the world opened the wineries. In Asia for example, wineries are opened in Thailand, Japan, China, and Taiwan.
The introduction of grapes to Indonesia in the 17th century, carried out by the Dutch East Indies government. Regional production centers of wine in Indonesia include Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Panarukan (East Java), Buleleng (Bali), and Kupang (NTT) regions.
Based on the classification of wine including family (tribe) or Vitaceae which have two submarga (subgenus), namely Muscadina or Muscadine wine and euvitis (Bunc grapes).
The most widely cultivated grapes in the world come from the Vitis vinifera species. It is not surprising that Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov, a Soviet botanist who expeditions from 1887 to 1942 to various countries around the world, ensured that the vineyards of the vine (V. vinifera) were the regions of Central Asia and the Near East.
Grape cultivation began to be known in the Middle East in 4000 BC, but the technology of wine processing into a new wine was discovered by the Egyptians in 2,500 BC. Cultivation technology and wine-making developed in Egypt extend into the black sea region until Spain, even growing rapidly in Germany, France, and Australia after the fall of the Roman Empire. Columbus brought grapes to Mexico, South Asia, South Africa, Australia, and California. In the next development, wine making technology became famous in the world. Wine type V. vinifera known as European wine.
In 1619, The London Company sent French grape seeds to Virginia. It is said, The Colonial Asembley campaigned that every household to plant 10 grapes. However, American climatic conditions are less suitable for V. vinifera grapes, so many plants die from cold weather, strong winds, and phylloxera main pest attacks.
The process of American wine discovery begins with the domestication of real wild grapes on the continent. The first domestication was made in 1802. The type of grape juicy is Vitis labrusca derived from steep cliffs and rock walls of the Schuylkill River in Pennsylvania.
Varieties of wine produced from V. labrusca include Alexander (black), Catawba (red skinned). and Isabella (black). Other undersea wild wine is Vitis aestivalis and V. riparia. Selection results of two types of grapes include Norton and Clinton varieties. Also found Muscadine wine varieties selected from V. rotundifolia.
Types of native American grapes that produce many varieties of superior grapes and popular in the continent are V. labrusca. Concord wine varieties developed by Bull, a gold miner in 1943 became one of the most popular varieties back then, so it was grown extensively in the state of New York. Delaware varieties are also produced that remain popular until now.
The New York Agricultural Experiment Station in 1906 yielded 46 varieties of fruit wine and not the wine grape varieties. Now the research institute is collecting thousands of genuine wine germplasm of various types. To produce new improved varieties takes at least five years, then for the next 10 years the plants or new varieties are evaluated, so that only one or two varieties are selected. Furthermore the selected grape varieties are named and introduced to the public. Viticultural Institute Cornell University develops "Grape Breeding and Genetic Program" technology aimed at producing varieties of seedless fruit grapes. Now varieties of grapes grown in various countries around the world are increasingly diverse and increasing in number, both varieties of wine, fruit, seeds, non-seeds and grape raisins. However, most of the commercial grape varieties cultivated in the world originally came from two native species, namely V. vinifera and V. labrusca. This type of V. vinifera wine is known as European wine or fresh fruit wine. While V. labrusca is called American wine or wine wine (wine).
In subsequent developments some countries in the world opened the wineries. In Asia for example, wineries are opened in Thailand, Japan, China, and Taiwan.
The introduction of grapes to Indonesia in the 17th century, carried out by the Dutch East Indies government. Regional production centers of wine in Indonesia include Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Panarukan (East Java), Buleleng (Bali), and Kupang (NTT) regions.
Based on the classification of wine including family (tribe) or Vitaceae which have two submarga (subgenus), namely Muscadina or Muscadine wine and euvitis (Bunc grapes).
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